The bantu selfgovernment act of 1959 was a policy of disenfranchising black africans from the political process of the south african government. Under the bantu authorities act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organizations for black africans, and the promotion of bantu self government act of 1959 created 10 african homelands, or bantustans. Once elected, the np quickly worked to formalize segregation into law, passing the group areas act in 1950, which set aside specific zones for each racial group, and the bantu authorities act a year later, which created 10 homelands for black south africans to live in as independent states. The bantu authorities act was legislation from 1951, which enabled heads of traditional groups of africans to have their own areas in south africa. It was part of the governments system of separate development apartheid for different racial groups and was aimed at training black children for menial jobs. Regional councils act, 1992, local authorities act, 1992, decentralization policy of 1997, decentralisation enabling act 2000, trust fund for regional development and equity provisions act 2000, and traditional authorities act, 2000. By vusumuzi kumalo and dineo skosana the history of. The phrase in section one of the native administration act. As a result of this law, 9 million south africans were excluded from participating in.
Tribe revolts against bantu authorities act from a special correspondent sekhukhuneland. My study seeks to explore this latter view through documented rural zulu responses. Saha south african history archive the future is ours. Bantu authorities act south africa 1951 britannica. Under the bantu authorities act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organizations for black africans, and the promotion of bantu selfgovernment act of 1959 created 10 african homelands, or bantustans. The 1951 bantu authorities act baa and the 1959 promotion of bantu selfgovernment act. Verwoerd proclaimed that education should stand with both feet in the reserves and have its roots in the spirit and being of bantu society. The bantu family is fragmented into hundreds of individual groups, none of them larger than a few million people the largest being the zulu with some. What are some questions that i could ask in an interview. Bantu education act, 1953 1 bantu education act, 1953 bantu education act, 1953 act to provide for the transfer of the administration and control of native education from the several provincial administrations to the government of the union, and for matters incidental thereto. It was an attempt to restructure the government of the reserves on more traditional lines, but in practice came to mean the establishment of a system of indirect rule through the medium of subservient and sometimes wellrewarded chiefs, chosen for their preparedness to enforce. By vusumuzi kumalo and dineo skosana the history of sadtu.
Commonly known as the pass laws, this ironically named act forced black people to carry identification with them at all times. Bantu building workers act act no 27 of 1951 allowed black. The trouble in sekhukhuneland which has led to loss of life, a number of casualties, and arrests running into hundreds has nothing to do with tribal fighting. In so doing, the study examines the department charged with. In examining these two platforms of understanding, traditional and marxist, regarding bantu education and the presumption that it was used as a tool to ensure a cheap, unskilled labour force, the aim of this study is twofold. Information and translations of bantu authorities act, 1951 in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. When the 1951 bantu authorities act baa was initiated, europeans in south africa were faced with an increasing number of educated urban blacks which belied the proof of african primitiveness. Regional councils act, 1992, local authorities act, 1992, decentralization policy of 1997, decentralisation enabling act 2000, trust fund for regional development and.
The effect of apartheids tribal authorities on chieftaincy and the zulu people. A pass included a photograph, details of a place of origin, employment record, tax payments, and encounters with the police. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. The bantu education act, 1953 was a south african segregation law which legalised several.
Even universities were made tribal, and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government no longer would. In 1951 the bantu authorities act designated areas called bantustans, where blacks were to required live so that they would. The natives land act of 19 largely confined south africas black majority to rural reserves. The riots, 1976 and later, stem from the black peoples rejection of bantu education. Bantu education has produced the worst kind of frus trat ion. Upon assuming office in 1933, president franklin d. Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities. Even universities were made tribal, and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government would no longer. In 1951, chiefs and tribal authorities were given administrative power in the locations, now called reserves, by the bantu authorities act. The south african minister of bantu education and development, mc botha, issued a decree in 1974 that made the use of afrikaans as a medium of instruction in black schools compulsory from standard 5 onwards from the last year of primary school to the last year of high school. The education was aimed at training the children for the manual labour and. This latter school of academics propose that their theory be coined as a marxist one. At this time, whites owned 80% of the land, although they only represented 10% of the population.
Origin and expansion of the bantu bantu is used as a general label for the 300600 ethnic groups in africa who speak the bantu languages, distributed from cameroon east across central africa and eastern africa to southern africa. This was the first piece of legislation introduced to support the government s policy of separate development. Provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities and with the aim of creating greater selfgovernment in the homelands, abolished the. It was part of the government s system of apartheid, which sanctioned racial segregation and discrimination against nonwhites in the country. This act distortedly concentrated power in chiefs, taking power away from headmen in the area. The effect of apartheids tribal authorities on chieftaincy. Traditional authorities managed to enter into alliances with a number of political authorities during the apartheid period.
It is unfortunate, tragic and regrettable, that the. The lexicon of isolation, segregation, authorities and locations was not new to south africa. The bantu education act of 1953 affected the lives of black youth directly. To provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions. Bantu education act, south african law, enacted in 1953 and in effect from january 1, 1954, that governed the education of black south african called bantu by the countrys government children. Bantu education act, south african law, enacted in 1953, that governed the. To provide for the establishment of certain black authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the black representative council, to amend the black affairs act, 1920, and the representation of blacks act, 1936, and to provide for other incidental matters. Bantu education act, 1953 wikipedia republished wiki 2. According to this, the governorgeneral is the supreme chief of all natives in the union and has in respect of all natives in any part of the union all the rights, immunities, powers and authority which are. Brief history of the bantu migration into south africa the great southward bantu migration in africa took place in subsaharan africa south of the sahara desert, over some 2,000 years. The union of south africa came into existence under the south africa act of 1909, which became effective on 31 may, 1910. Calls began to mount for the imposition of sanctions against south africa. Papers research archive at the university of the witwatersrand, johannesburg, south africa. A new deal for americans questions and answers about bantu education act.
In contrast the preindependence bantustanisation in the form of decentralisation was. With the development of the iron blade, reaping became easier for the bantu people and agriculture took on a whole new meaning. The act was to provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the natives representative council, to amend. Two years later, the bantu education act was promulgated in 1953. The omalley archives is the product of almost two decades of research and includes analyses, chronologies, historical documents, and interviews from the apartheid and postapartheid eras. As a result of this, the institution subjected itself to manipulation by the ruling party, which was the nationalist party government. The bantu authorities act, 1951black authorities act, 1951 created the legal basis for the deportation of blacks into designated homeland reserve areas and established tribal, regional and territorial authorities. Definition of bantu authorities act, 1951 in the dictionary. Roosevelt faced a desperate economy that was on the verge of total collapse. Dr verwoerd, the minister of native affairs at the time, argued that african education should be inferior to that of white education and that africans should only be trained to be. Bantu building workers act, act no 27 of 1951 allowed black people to be trained as artisans in the building trade, something previously reserved for whites only, but they had to work within an area designated for blacks.
Bantu authorities act of 1951 south african history online. This article was taken from the book the final prize by norman levy chapter 11 bantu education or the street the first half of the 1950s was the formative period of apartheid and the liberation movement fought simultaneously on four fronts against a new wave of fascist measures that restricted education, movement, residence and work. The introduction of bantu education led to a substantial increase of government funding to the learning institutions of black africans, but it did not. It is an open revolt against the enforcement of the bantu authorities act and other government. Essays and criticism on antiapartheid literature critical essays. Bantu education or the street by norman levy south. As a result of this law, 9 million south africans were excluded from participating in the government. Black children under apartheid grew up with little hope of a bright future. The us and britain, traditionally 2 of south africas staunchest economic allies sharply criticised the governments and followed that with strongly worded attacks on the apartheid system in the general assembly of the united nations. Made it a criminal offence for a black person to perform any skilled work in urban areas except in those sections designated for black occupation. The omalley archives is the product of almost two decades of research and includes analyses, chronologies, historical documents, and interviews from the. This act was augmented by the bantu homelands citizens act of 1970. Black authorities act 68 of 1951 minister of rural. In many areas campaigns were led by the anc against passes for women, forced removals and the bantu authorities act.
Bantu education act, south african law, enacted in 1953, that governed the education of black south african children. The act was to provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the natives representative council, to amend the native affairs act, 1920, and the representation of natives act, 1936, and to provide for other incidental matters. In 1951, european government officials created the bantu authorities act, which created homelands for black south africans. Postverwoerd terrorism act 1966 coloured persons representative council amendment act 1968 prohibition of improper interference act 1968 bantu homelands citizenship act 1970 bantu homelands constitution act 1971 black local authorities act 1982 republic of south africa constitution act 1983 no new legislation introduced.
Bantu education act, 1953 wikimili, the free encyclopedia. It was part of the governments system of separate development apartheid for different racial groups and was aimed at training black children for. This study revealed that the fears expressed by honorable nahas angula that the present decentralisation plans may revive bantustans, were not necessarily his alone, but were. The bantu selfgovernment act of 1959 formed the basis for the creation of bantustans. How did the people respond to the bantu education act. This is, in a sense, a continuation of the natives administration act of 1927. Brief history of the bantu migration into south africa. It is unfortunate, tragic and regrettable, that the authorities look for the causes of the riots elsewhere. Get an answer for what are some questions that i could ask in an interview with someone not white, regarding the separate amenities act during apartheid. The apartheid government also stepped up its attempts to prevent antiapartheid actions. This legislation, succeeding the native affairs act act no.
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